What Is Kyphosis?

What Is Kyphosis?

Kyphosis is a condition that affects the human musculoskeletal system. In kyphosis, the spine bends forward, creating a hunched posture. It is most commonly observed in the thoracic region of the spine and typically affects older adults, mainly due to osteoporosis.

Kyphosis can significantly impact a patient’s quality of life, limiting movement and making simple, everyday tasks difficult. In more severe cases, the posture caused by kyphosis can even lead to breathing problems.

Causes of Kyphosis

Kyphosis can be caused by a variety of factors. The most common causes include:

● Poor posture: The leading cause of kyphosis, especially among young individuals.

● Scheuermann’s disease: A condition usually seen in teenagers that causes kyphosis. It is often confused with posture-related kyphosis.

● Osteoporosis: Loss of bone mass weakens the vertebrae, making it difficult for them to support proper spinal alignment, often resulting in kyphosis.

● Degeneration of intervertebral discs: The discs between the vertebrae can deteriorate or become stressed, leading to spinal changes and kyphosis.

● Spinal cancer or infection: These may damage the vertebrae and cause kyphosis.

● Genetic factors: Certain genetic conditions, such as Marfan syndrome, can also lead to kyphosis.

Diagnosis of Kyphosis

Kyphosis is diagnosed by a specialized orthopedic doctor. During the evaluation, the doctor examines the patient’s spine and assesses the severity of the curvature. Imaging tests (mainly X-rays, sometimes MRI) are often used to confirm the presence and degree of kyphosis.

Symptoms of Kyphosis

Symptoms vary depending on the severity of the condition. Common signs include:

● Rounded shoulders: A visible sign that may indicate kyphosis.

● Curved upper back: The spine appears hunched.

● Back pain: Often felt after long periods of standing.

● Spinal stiffness: Restricted movement and stiffness in the spine.

● Fatigue: Caused by poor posture and muscular strain.

● Note: These are general guidelines. A proper medical diagnosis and personalized advice should be obtained from a healthcare professional.

Treatment of Kyphosis

Kyphosis treatment can be either conservative or surgical, depending on the severity and underlying cause.

Conservative Treatment

This is the first line of treatment and may include:

● Medication: Pain relievers can help manage symptoms.

● Physical therapy: Exercises to improve strength and flexibility, promoting better posture.

● Spinal braces: Especially useful for postural support and correction in younger patients or mild cases.

Conservative methods are generally recommended for patients with mild kyphosis and without severe symptoms.

Surgical Treatment

In cases of severe kyphosis or when conservative treatments fail, surgery may be necessary. The goal of surgery is to correct the curvature and restore the spine’s proper alignment.

The decision for surgery must always be made in consultation with a specialist to evaluate the potential risks and benefits.

Conclusion

Kyphosis is a spinal condition that causes a hunched posture. Besides poor posture, contributing factors include osteoporosis, disc degeneration, genetic disorders, Scheuermann’s disease, and spinal infections or tumors. Diagnosis is made by an orthopedic doctor using clinical and imaging exams. Treatment can be conservative or surgical, depending on severity. Consulting with a specialist is essential for the proper management of the condition.